Introduction of Epoxide Compounds

1,2-Epoxides are referred to as epoxides. They are a class of compounds with a three-membered cyclic ether structure, of which the simplest compound is ethylene oxide. Like cyclopropane, epoxides have a large ring tension, which can be 114.1 kJ/mol.
Due to the ring tension, epoxides are much more active than general ethers and can undergo ring-opening reactions with a variety of reagents.
Introduction to compounds
1. Representative substances
Ethylene oxide (ethylene oxide), propylene oxide (propylene oxide), 1,2-butylene oxide (butylene oxide), 1,4-butylene oxide (tetrahydrofuran), epichlorohydrin (epichlorohydrin), 1,4-dioxane, etc.
2. Material properties
Epoxides refer to three-membered ring compounds containing C2O groups and are a type of cyclic ether. Ethylene oxide is a three-membered cyclic ether and is the simplest cyclic ether. Its ring is easy to open and is not used as a solvent. Low-carbon epoxides are mostly liquids, soluble in water, alcohol, ether, etc.
3. Incompatible substances
(1) Epoxides can burn in air, and their vapors can form explosive gas mixtures with air.
(2) Epoxides can explode when in contact with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.
(3) Epoxides can undergo explosive polymerization when in contact with covalent halides (such as aluminum chloride) and metal oxides
(4) Epoxides can undergo violent polymerization when in contact with inorganic bases, ammonia, organic amines, metallic potassium, etc.
(5) Epoxides can catch fire when in contact with metal alkoxides (such as potassium tert-butyl alcohol).
(6) Epoxides can explode when in contact with magnesium perchlorate due to the formation of perchlorate esters.
(7) Epoxides can explode when catalyzed by halide ions due to the formation of dichloroacetylene.
(8) Epoxides can explode when heated with alcohols (such as glycerol) due to a runaway reaction.